The dried seeds or fruits of coriander differ greatly in taste from the plant's leaves, also known as cilantro.
The plant, Coriandrum sativum, produces leaves known as cilantro in North America; this versatile plant is a popular herb and spice in the kitchen. The dried seeds of this plant provide many culinary uses and are common in Middle Eastern, Mediterranean, South Asian, Latin American, Chinese, African and Southeast Asian cuisine. Cilantro seeds are more accurately known as coriander seeds, and what's known as its seeds are actually small fruits. If the essential oil is to be extracted from the coriander fruit, it should be done so just before it is ripe, as that is when the oil content reaches its peak.
Medicinal Uses
Ancient Egyptians are reported to have used coriander seeds medicinally. Dried coriander seeds are used to make soothing teas for those suffering from upset stomach and gas pains. It is also possible to simply chew dried coriander seeds to provide stomach relief. Coriander oil, extracted from the seeds and made into pastes, can be applied externally to alleviate joint pain and ulcers.
Culinary Uses
Dried coriander seeds are used in the preparation of fish and meat and are also used in baking. Coriander is also used to flavor alcoholic beverages, including gin and beer, and is also known to increase the inebriating effect of alcohol. Coriander is hugely popular in the preparation of pickling and other spices in India. The spice is most commonly consumed in curry powder, being that most curry powders contain 20 to 40 percent ground coriander seeds.
Anti-Bacterial Uses
Coriander contains a compound called dodecenal as well as up to eight other anti-bacterial agents. This makes coriander a healthy and bacteria neutralizing spice in the preparation of foods which may contain the deadly bacteria known as salmonella. Dodecenal is found in both the seeds as well as the leaves of coriander. So if a recipe could do with a little spice, it may behoove the cook to use one that could also prevent a food-borne illness.
Odor Neutralizing Uses
Dried coriander seeds and extract are used to neutralize strong odors. It is used in pharmaceutical mixtures to mask stronger tasting and smelling medicines. The seeds can also be chewed to relieve halitosis or bad breath. Coriander may also be used on the genital area to neutralize bad odor. It is also used in combination with other odor neutralizers to mask body odor in organic and vegan deodorants.
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